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| About
the Book: UMD Special Edition
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A special edition of the book has been made for the UMD. The Thurgood
Marshall: American Revolutionary personalized edition for the FYB
contains a letter from the Provost, William W. Destler and commemorates
the special celebration of the University of Maryland 150th aniversary.
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Thirteen
years before becoming the first African American
justice on the Supreme Court, Thurgood Marshall's
place in American history was secured, with
his victory over school segregation in Brown
v. Board of Education. Williams (Eyes on the
Prize) offers readers a thorough, straightforward
life of "the unlikely leading actor in
creating social change in the United States
in the twentieth century." Although he
was denied access to the files of the NAACP
Legal Defense Fund, where Marshall devoted
more than 40 years of his law career, and worked
without the cooperation of Marshall's family,
Williams has managed to fill in the blanks
with over 150 interviews, including lengthy
sessions with Marshall himself in 1989. Marshall
is portrayed as an outspoken critic of black
militancy and nonviolent demonstrations. Williams
mentions, but does not dwell on, Marshall's
history of heavy drinking, womanizing and sexual
harassment. But his private contacts with J.
Edgar Hoover and the FBI, even while that organization
was working to discredit Martin Luther King
Jr. and Malcolm X, receives critical attention.
This relationship "could have cost him
his credibility among civil rights activists
had it become known," writes Williams.
Likewise, it would appear that his extra-legal
activities and charges of incompetence and
Communist connections would, if publicized,
have kept him from the Supreme Court, as he
himself admitted. Nevertheless, this work will
stand as an accessible and fitting tribute
to a champion of individual rights and "the
architect of American race relations."
(From
Publishers Weekley) |
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| Additional
Online Sites about T. Marshall
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The Thurgood Marshall Scholarship
Fund
http://www.thurgoodmarshallfund.org/about/about.htm
The Thurgood Marshall Scholarship
Fund (TMSF) was established in 1987 to carry on
Justice Marshall's legacy of equal access to higher
education by supporting exceptional merit scholars
attending America's Public Historically Black Colleges
and Universities (HBCUs). |
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The Thurgood Marshall Center
for service and heritage
http://www.thurgoodmarshallcenter.org/
The Thurgood Marshall Center
is an innovative community project located at 1816
12th St NW, in the heart of the Shaw neighborhood
in Washington, DC which involves restoring a large
vacant historic building back to a community services
center.
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American
Public Media feature on T. Marshall
http://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/features/marshall/
Includes timeline of benchmarks
in Marshall public and private life with links
to documents (resolution texts) and audio files
of himself on the radio with transcripts. |
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Historical
FBI Records on Thurgood Marshall
http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/marshall.htm
Concerns Marshall's activities with the National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
Background investigations were conducted in connection
with his appointment as a Federal Judge and a Supreme
Court Justice. Total of 1394 pages. |
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Brainy Quote
Website
http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/t/thurgood_marshall.html
List of Marshall
quotes unreferenced |
| Books
by Thurgood Marshall
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The
Continuing Challenge of the Fourteenth Amendment (1968).
Library of Congress |
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The
Supreme Court as Protector of Civil Rights: Equal
Protection of the Laws (1951).
Library of Congress |
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Financing
Public Interest Law Practice: The Role of the
Organized Bar (1975). Library
of Congress |
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Thurgood
Marshall et al. Mark V. Tushnet, editor. 2002. Thurgood
Marshall : His Speeches, Writings, Arguments,
Opinions, and Reminiscences.Lawrence Hill
Books
Tushnet (constitutional law, Georgetown Univ. Law Ctr.), one of Thurgood
Marshall's former law clerks on the Supreme Court, is the author of two previous
works on the civil-rights and constitutional-law work of the trailblazing
Marshall, the first African American member of the U.S. Supreme Court. This
volume is sure to become the standard reference for those who wish to know
Marshall, one of the critical American civil rights pioneers of the 20th
century, in his own words. In a career ranging from his trial and appellate
work for the NAACP to his tenure as an associate justice of the Court, Marshall
wrought revolutionary changes in U.S. law and politics, and this collection
of his legal briefs, writings, speeches, and judicial opinions, plus a never-before-published
oral interview, gives us a superior analysis of the advocate, the democrat,
the dissenter, and the unflagging fighter for equality. (from Library
Journal) |
| Books
about T. Marshall |
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Howard
Ball. 2001. A
Defiant Life: Thurgood Marshall and the Persistence
of Racism in America. Three Rivers Press.
On October 1, 1991, Thurgood Marshall retired from
the Supreme Court, the last remaining liberal after
Justice William Brennan stepped down in 1990. Marshall
had sat on that distinguished bench for 24 years.
Coming on the heels of Juan Williams's recent biography
(Thurgood Marshall, LJ 9/1/98), this study of the
late Supreme Court justice is basically a rehash.
The books are similar in detail, tracing the rise
of Jim Crow, the history of the NAACP, etc., and
focusing on public education and affirmative action
battles, the Civil Rights movement and its key
players, and Marshall's years as a jurist. One
difference is that while Williams shows more of
the personal side of the man, Ball (Hugo L. Black,
LJ 6/1/96) concentrates on the legal aspects of
Marshall's life. (from Library Journal) |
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Mark
V. Tushnet. 1996. Making Civil Rights Law:
Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court, 1956-1961.
Oxford University Press
Though this book covers some of the same ground as more popular histories
like Richard Kluger's Simple Justice , Tushnet offers a more detailed and
nuanced look at the workings of NAACP Legal Defense Fund lawyers and the
internal arguments at the Supreme Court. A professor at Georgetown University
Law Center, Tushnet draws on a wealth of materials--including newly available
documents and interviews with Marshall himself--to provide a substantial,
if dry, account for students and scholars. He explains how Marshall and his
team at the NAACP moved from voting rights cases to education cases, and
how sociological material crucial to Brown v . Board of Education was employed
in restrictive covenant cases. He also provides a thorough account of the
ideas and arguments of the individual justices who heard Brown , including
the decision to reach the much criticized formulation of desegregation at "all
deliberate speed." Marshall, observes Tushnet with judicious admiration, "constructed
the job of civil rights lawyer" beginning in 1938, but by the late 1950s,
he notes, the growth of a larger movement complete with demonstrations and
boycotts made litigation less crucial to the civil rights movement. (from
Publishers Weekley) |
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Mark
V. Tushnet 1997. Making
Constitutional Law: Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme
Court, 1961-1991.Oxford University Press.
Following on Making Civil Rights Law, which covered
Thurgood Marshall's career from 1936-1961, this book
focuses on Marshall's career on the Supreme Court
from 1961-1991, where he was the first Afro-American
Justice. Based on thorough research in the Supreme
Court papers of Justice Marshall and others, this
book describes Marshall's approach to constitutional
law in areas ranging from civil rights and the death
penalty to abortion and poverty. It locates the Supreme
Court from 1967 to 1991 in a broader political and
historical context, showing how the nation's drift
toward conservatism affected the Court. (Book Description) |
| Thurgood
Marshall Cases
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As an Attorney for the NAACP
 Murray
vs. Pearson (1935, MD
Supreme Court of Appeals)
see the Murray case page in the First Year Book
site
Smith
v. Allwright (April 3, 1944)
http://www.oyez.org/oyez/resource/case/356/ The Court overruled its
decision in Grovey v. Townsend (1935) and found
the restrictions against blacks unconstitutional.
Even though the Democratic Party was a voluntary
organization, the fact that Texas statutes governed
the selection of county-level party leaders,
the party conducted primary elections under state
statutory authority, and state courts were given
exclusive original jurisdiction over contested
elections, guaranteed for blacks the right to
vote in primaries. Allwright engaged in state
action abridging Smith's right to vote because
of his race. A state cannot "permit a private
organization to practice racial discrimination" in
elections, argued Justice Reed.
Shelley
vs. Kraemer (Decided:
May 3, 1948)
http://www.oyez.org/oyez/resource/case/352/
Conclusion: State courts could not constitutionally
prevent the sale of real property to blacks even
if that property is covered by a racially restrictive
covenant. Standing alone, racially restrictive
covenants violate no rights. However, their enforcement
by state court injunctions constitute state action
in violation of the 14th Amendment.
Sweatt
vs. Painter (June 5, 1950)
http://www.oyez.org/oyez/resource/case/375/
Conclusion: In a unanimous
decision, the Court held that the Equal Protection
Clause required that Sweatt be admitted to the
university. The Court found that the "law school for Negroes," which
was to have opened in 1947, would have been grossly
unequal to the University of Texas Law School.
The Court argued that the separate school would
be inferior in a number of areas, including faculty,
course variety, library facilities, legal writing
opportunities, and overall prestige. The Court
also found that the mere separation from the majority
of law students harmed students' abilities to compete
in the legal arena.
McLaurin
v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Ed., (339
U. S. 637) (decided on June 5,1950)
http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=339&invol=637
The Supreme Court invalidated
the University of Oklahoma's requirement that
a black student, admitted to a graduate program
unavailable to him at the state's black school,
sit in separate sections of or in spaces adjacent
to the classroom, library and cafeteria. The
court held that these restrictions were unconstitutional
because they interfered with the student's "ability
to study, to engage in discussions, and exchange
views with other students, and, in general, to
learn his profession."
1951:
Travel to South Korea and Japan to investigate
charges of racism throughout the United States
Armed Forces. |
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As a U.S. Supreme Court Justice
Oyez:
U.S. Supreme Court Multimedia
http://www.oyez.org/oyez/resource/legal_entity/96/cases
List of justice Marshall cases by date with his participation and vote. Includes
links to brief abstract, questions and resolutions. |
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[Last
updated on
August 30, 2005
]
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